Storage Grains Fumigation by Aluminium Phosphide
Our main aim to procurement-inspection-preservation & distribution of the food grain. The purpose of storage food grain is for food-feed-seed & sale in the public distribution to maintain the rates.
STORAGE
The stock during storage, the care of the stock is to be considered that the hygienic condition of the storage point must be well up to the mark & check up floor of the godown-walls- rooftop & bottom of the bags layer.
PRE INSPECTION
Before storage of the food grains the following observation may be considered to avoid deterioration on account of quality & quantity.
- Proper cleaningness
- Leakage proof
- Warranting repairing of the godown
- Floor free from seepage
- Godown should be disinfested
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FUMIGATION
Fumigation is a process of applying toxic fumes of substance in a reasonable airtight chamber/stack for a certain period & intended to eliminate 100%, pest-infesting grain.
MAIN PESTS
Sitophilus oryzae, Rhiyopertha dominica, Trogoderma, Corda (Ephestia), Tribolium, Latheticus orizai, Gryzaephilus, Lernophilus, Psocids, Tremides, Rodents etc.
TREATMENT
There is two type of treatment are being applied to the stocks to maintain the soundness of the food grain for a long
(A) CURATIVE TREATMENT
The following chemicals used for curative treatment to eliminate the insect.
- Aluminum phosphide
- E.D.B.
- M.B.R.
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DOSE & CONSULTATION OF THE CHEMICALS
(1) Aluminum phosphide
The dose of Al.PH is 9 gm/m.t. in case of stock fumigation by cover & 63 gm/28 cubic meters in ease of chamber/shed fumigation with the espousal period i.e. 5 days & 7 days respectively. In CAP storage if khapra & termite found the dose would be used 20 to 25% extra.
(2) E.D.B.
The dose of E.D.B. is 22 gm/cubic meters in the cases i.e. stack/chamber fumigation with expose period of 5 says. In case of atmosphere temperature is above 20° C & 7 days on below 20° C.
(3) M.B.R.
The doses of M.B.R. are also 16/32/48/80 gm/cubic meter and this has been used in fumigation by rubberized cover only on the stack. The exposes period is 4/8/12/16/24/36/48/72 hours and M.Br. can be used for Export purposes only or one time in storage grains.
(B) PROPHYLACTIC TREATMENT
The following chemicals used for prophylactic treatment in due course.
(1)MALATHION
The delta is used as a prophylactic treatment to the stock with the conc. Of 1:100 ratios for 50 E.C. & applying the dose as 3 liter solution per 100 sq. meter with the priority 15 days & 21 days in winter season.
(2) DELTA METHRIN
The delta is used as a prophylactic treatment to the stock with the conc. Of 40 gm per liter of water & solution used 3 liter per 100 Sq. Meter once in three months only. But at the time of used this chemical, be ensuring that the chemical may also be used after degassing & proper bruising of the stock with in two days.
(3) D.D.V.P.
The D.D.V.P. also used as a prophylactic treatment & it is spray cum fumigant chemical, which used with the concentration of 1:150 on the following manners.
- If the chemicals is using for crawling infestation on the floor & wall the dosage applying 3-liter solution per 100 meters.
- In case of air charge to control the Ephistia (mouth) of the godown premises. The doses will he applying one liter per 280 cubic meters of the prepared solution of 1:150 time.
Fumigate Meaning
It Means Fumigants are applied where Regulations call for "Zero Insect Tolerance for goods or Premises or "Zero Discharge" strict production norms.
ISPM 15 Standard
ISPM 15 means 'International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures Publication No. 15 "it is developed by United Nations Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO) addresses plant quarantine through the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC).
This is Guidelines for Regulating Wood Packaging Material in International Trade'.
All the Technical Staff in our company has been authorized by the Ministry of agriculture to carry out fumigation with Methyl Bromide and Aluminum Phosphide gas.
Costing
The cost of fumigation depends upon mainly upon the type of commodity/premise being fumigated and gas being used. However rates are quoted on per cubic meter (cbm.) or cubic feet (cft.) basis. In the case of bulk grain/food items the rates are quoted on per MT (Metric Tonne) basis. Therefore, the exact calculation of the cost can be done only after knowing the volume of the goods and other logistics.
Fumigation Certificate
Fumigation certificate is required as proof that the packing materials e.g. wooden crates, wood, wool etc), have been fumigated or sterilized. Certificates contain details such as purpose of treatment, articles concerned, temperature range used, chemicals and concentration used etc. Fumigation FAQ'S
What is fumigation ?
The National Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (NSPM) -11 defines fumigation as application of any chemical in a gaseous state in a gas tight enclosure to kill insect and other pests. According to the National Pest Control Association of America (NPCA), fumigation is the introduction of a toxic gas into a space in a high enough concentration so that the gas fills all areas to kill target insects.
What is a fumigant?
A fumigant is a chemical at a particular temperature and pressure that can exist in gaseous state in sufficient concentration and for sufficient time to be lethal to insect and other pests.
What are the commonly used fumigants for commodities in India?
Methyl Bromide and Phosphine are the two most common fumigants used for treating raw commodities, processed food and wooden packaging material. In hospital settings and pharmaceutical manufacturing, ethylene oxide fumigation is used for sterilization.
What are the differences between Methyl Bromide and Phosphine gas ?
Methyl Bromide (MBr) is a liquid under pressure that turns into a gas when released after heating. It is stored in cylinders or cans. MBr is highly penetrative, can kill insect eggs, highly toxic to a broad spectrum of insects and similar pests, and is lethal even in relatively short exposure periods (typically 24 hours for non-perishables). However, it reacts with food containing high levels of fat, certain types of rubber, etc, and is forbidden for some commodities.
Aluminium Phosphide (ALP) when allowed to react with atmospheric water vapour, produces phosphine gas. It is available in tablet form. ALP exposure periods are higher (typically 72 hours) and is not lethal to all insect eggs. However, ALP can be safely used for oil seeds and fatty foods like cashew nuts.
Both fumigants are highly toxic to humans and pets, and oprations have to be performed in a precise manner in the fashion prescribed by the national standards, as the fumigation treatments involve complex procedures.
How do I decide which fumigant to use for my cargo?
The Plant Protection Adviser to Government of India issues notifications from time to time (PQ orders) relating to the fumigant and dosage to be used for different commodities.
In case of shipments to Australia, only Methyl Bromide fumigations are acceptable.
Fumigation of Wooden Packaging (including dunnage) is mandated under the International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM) -15, which recommends using Methyl Bromide only.
If you are in doubt, contact the nearest Plant Quarantine station, or a reliable fumigation company.
Will fumigating wooden pallets and boxes get rid of Fungal infection?
No.
Methyl bromide is very effective against insect pests, but is not lethal to commonly found fungal species. If you wish so, Green City Enterprises can perform anti-fungal treatment for your wooden packaging material.
Why should I come to Green City Enterprises?
Green City Enterprises have been in this business for more than 25 years. You can trust us to know a lot about fumigation.
Our highly skilled professionals are trained to deliver the highest quality fumigations possible.
We aim to offer you the best service in the most cost effective way.
1. Choose a fumigation agency, who is holding valid license Green City Enterprises issued by State Government and accredited by the Plant Protection Adviser of the Government of India, Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage, Faridabad.
2. Inform the fumigation agency before commencing the treatment, about the quarantine treatment requirements of the commodity, the composition of consignment; storage condition and place of the commodity; end use of the consignment; package conditions and specific market requirements ( fumigant residue limits, where applicable) and other contract or agreement requirements, where applicable.
3. Ensure sufficient time is available to perform treatments to meet the quarantine requirements.
4. Inform the transport contractor not to move the fumigated consignment or container until the degassing and release of the commodity or container.
5. Ensure proper stocking of consignment or placing container on the ground to facilitate carrying out proper treatment.
We carry out fumigation of containers, silos, bottling plants, godowns and ships according to the most stringent international standards. As a Government approved Fumigation agency, our certificates are valid all over the world.
Fumigation
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It is a process where a fumigant which is a chemical at a required temperature and pressure can exist in gaseous state in sufficient concentration which will be lethal to a given pest organism. The most widely used fumigant in India are: |
A) METHYL BROMIDE
B) ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE
A) METHYL BROMIDE FUMIGATION
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Methyl Bromide is most widely used fumigant for Quarantine purposes. It is a preferred fumigant for most of the quarantine authorities around the world, because of its good penetrating ability, rapid action, high toxicity to a broad spectrum of insects and pests. It is frequently used for fumigating timber, agricultural products, empty containers, food stuffs and other agricultural produce. When fumigation is carried out with Methyl Bromide fumigant residue problems will not be there as aeration can be carried out easily. It is very effective in controlling all stages of insects from egg to the adult stage. |
Quarantine Authorities around the world have stipulated that methyl bromide fumigation has to be carried out for all the packing materials which is made out of wood, Straw materials.
Fumigation Of Wooden Crates
Methyl Bromide fumigation should be carried out for packing wood crates skids and other packing materials.
Plant material such as straw, rice hulls and similar plant material used as packing material can carry exotic insect pest and diseases. The wooden crates has to be treated prior to shipment by carrying out fumigation with Methyl Bromide. The maximum thickness of the packing wood should not exceed 200mm.
B) ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE FUMIGATION
Aluminium Phosphide is in the form of tablets and is packed in a flask. It is used worldwide for fumigation of raw and processed commodities including grains, tobacco, cocoa beans, nuts seeds, animal feeds, tea leaf, coffee, wheat flour, processed spices, dry fruits. It can also be used for fumigating storage structures like silos, warehouses, flour mills, shipholds, railcars etc .
The major items in todays export market are commodities such as foodgrains, Oil seeds, Pulses, tobacco extraction, spices, textiles etc. and they are highly susceptible to infestation from stored grain pests during storage and transit.
For all stages of insect development of eggs, larvae, pupa and adult, fumigation is a curative control technique. Fumigation not only kills live infestations but also helps to check the spread of unwanted pests from one country to another. The art and science of fumigation is highly specialized and technical, requiring a great deal of knowledge, skill and experience (expertise) using Methyl Bromide and Aluminium Phosphide (phosphine) gas for its operations. Green City Enterprises is equipped to meet a wide spectrum of requirements.
Our licenced experts, specially trained in the use of fumigants, guide our operations. greater consideration is given to safety while using fumigants which are highly toxic gases. Advanced gas monitoring & detection equipment are used to improve the safety. Green City Enterprises offers fumigation of bagged commodities, warehouses, silos, containers and shipments.
When it is time to handle fragile and valuable cargo such as Carvings, Paintings, antiques and other priceless collections of museums, libraries and archives Green City Enterprises adopt Latest and appropriate technology.
Fumigation
Fumigation is a application of a fumigant to a fumigation enclosure to eradicate pests. We are a fumigation agency who is holding valid license issued by state Govt. & accredited by the Plant Protection Adviser of the Government of India, Directorate of Plant Protection Quarantine & Storage Faridabad.
We are technically competent to perform relevant treatment to meet the quarantine requirements. We are performing fumigations under supervision only. We advice the client on stocking of consignment for carrying out effective treatment. We inform the client of any factors that affect treatment of commodity. We are following the guidelines & abide by
 instructions issued by PPA. We request client to inform us about the commodity, the composition of consignment, storage condition & place.  We ensure sufficient time is available to perform treatments to meet the quarantine requirements.
A certificate issued as evidence that a fumigation treatment has been applied to a given commodity to control insect infestation as per standard.
Our Fumigation Services is for the treatment of stored products insects pests. Grains, pulses, oil cakes, etc., when stored become ideal colonies for weevils, beetles and other pests.
Fumigation is a specialised and delicate operation. It involves the use of extremely toxic pesticides and sophisticated equipments. The handling of such products is allowed only to the Government Approved and Recognised Agencies. We are not only one of them but the Number One, as far as the bulk of business that we transact and the number of clients we have, are concerned. Fumigation of export-cargoes, ships, large godowns, warehouses, etc. is our speciality.
Expert pest fumigation services undertaken with the following systems using available fumigants such as Aluminium Phosphide (Celphos, Uniphos, etc) and Methyl Bromide. |
Ware House Fumigation: |
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It is done to fumigate commodities either in loose conditions or packed in bags or other packing, stored in godowns, warehouses, storage which are stationary. Separate stacks are fumigated by covering them with plastic covers and making them gaslight by sealing them. |
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Container Fumigation : |
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 Commodities that are required to be shifted to other places immediately are fumigated in Containers, such as ship containers, Rail Containers, Truck Containers, etc. At present there are two types of Ship Containers available viz 20ft. size and 40ft. size. Consumables or edible products are never kept loose. Equipments, machines, metals, raw ores, raw minerals, etc may or may not be stored in loose conditions, in containers.
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